When you meet with a notary public, you might hear terms like “acknowledgment,” “jurat,” or “oath.” These are the types of notarial acts that notaries perform—and understanding the difference helps you know what to expect and what’s legally required for your document.
Whether you’re signing a real estate form, an affidavit, or a power of attorney, each act serves a distinct purpose. Let’s break them down.
What Is a Notarial Act?
A notarial act is the official duty a notary performs when certifying a document or verifying a signature. It involves confirming identity, witnessing a signature, or administering an oath.
Each act must comply with state laws and be properly documented in the notary’s record book or journal.
Common types of notarial acts include:
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Acknowledgments
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Jurats (Affidavits)
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Oaths and Affirmations
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Copy Certifications (in some states)
1. Acknowledgments
Purpose:
To verify that the signer personally appeared before the notary, was identified properly, and voluntarily acknowledged signing the document.
Common Uses:
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Real estate deeds
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Power of attorney forms
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Business contracts
Key Points:
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The document may be signed before the notary meeting.
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The notary confirms willingness but does not require an oath.
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The signer acknowledges, “Yes, I signed this document of my own free will.”
2. Jurats
Purpose:
A jurat is used when the signer must swear or affirm that the statements in the document are true.
Common Uses:
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Affidavits
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Legal statements
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Written testimony
Key Points:
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The signer must appear in person before the notary.
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The document must be signed in the notary’s presence.
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The notary administers an oath or affirmation before notarizing.
Example oath: “Do you solemnly swear (or affirm) that the statements in this document are true to the best of your knowledge and belief?”
3. Oaths and Affirmations
Purpose:
To verify that a person has sworn to the truth of their spoken or written statements.
Difference Between an Oath and Affirmation:
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Oath: A solemn promise made before God or a higher power.
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Affirmation: A non-religious pledge made on personal honor.
Common Uses:
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Court testimony
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Affidavits
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Sworn statements or declarations
The notary must administer the oath or affirmation verbally and receive a clear “Yes” or “I do” from the signer.
4. Copy Certifications (When Permitted)
Some states allow notaries to certify copies of certain documents—confirming that the copy is true and accurate to the original.
Common Uses:
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Diplomas
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Passports
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Driver’s licenses (in limited cases)
⚠️ Notaries cannot certify copies of vital records such as birth, marriage, or death certificates. Only government agencies can issue those.
Why These Differences Matter
Each notarial act serves a unique legal purpose. Using the wrong one can invalidate a document or delay a transaction.
For example:
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A deed typically requires an acknowledgment, not a jurat.
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An affidavit must include a jurat since it involves a sworn statement.
Knowing which type you need ensures your documents meet legal standards and are properly executed.
How to Know Which Act to Request
A notary cannot choose the type of act for you, since that would be considered legal advice.
If you’re unsure which type applies:
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Ask the document preparer or receiving agency.
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Check for preprinted notary wording on your form.
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Bring a blank certificate if the notary needs to attach one.
Final Thoughts
Understanding the different types of notarial acts—acknowledgments, jurats, and oaths—empowers you to prepare your documents confidently and avoid common mistakes.
At Looking Glass Notary, we ensure every notarization is handled professionally, securely, and in compliance with state law—so your documents stand on solid legal ground.
